Advertising

One of the Classic Blunders: Microsoft’s De-Listing Campaign Makes No Sense

Before the Thanksgiving holiday, Microsoft held talks with News Corp. in an attempt to convince the titan of information to de-list its content from Google.

Subject Area: 

Yet Another Plaintiff Faceplant, Thanks to Section 230

I am constantly impressed with plaintiffs' hapless charges against the nearly impenetrable immunity that is Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (“Section 230”).  Time and time again, angry plaintiffs bring suit against websites because some unknown third party posted questionable, if not illegal, material.  And time and time again, those claims are stymied by Section 230, which grants the websites immunity from liability for those third-party postings.  Seriously

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New FTC Rules Aim to Kill the Buzz on Blogs

On October 5, the Federal Trade Commission issued new guidelines (large pdf) on advertising involving endorsements and testimonials.

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Quest Diagnostics v. Mercola

Date: 

05/29/2009

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

Joseph Mercola

Type of Party: 

Organization

Type of Party: 

Individual

Court Type: 

Federal

Court Name: 

United States District Court, District of New Jersey

Case Number: 

09-CV-2632

Publication Medium: 

Website

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Concluded

Disposition: 

Dismissed (total)

Description: 

Quest Diagnostics, a medical diagnostic testing company, sued Joseph Mercola, who runs the Natural Health Center along with a couple of related websites, over articles critical of Quest that were allegedly published by Mercola on one of his websites. 

Quest alleged that that the articles contained false and defamatory information, stating that its tests are "inaccurate and unreliable" and have "caused some dialysis patients to undergo unnecessary surgery," while advocating on behalf of LabCorp, one of Quest's competitors.  (Compl. ¶¶ 11-12, 14-15.)  Advertisements for Mercola's products and services also allegedly appeared in close proximity to the articles.  (Compl. ¶ 12.)  Based on user comments posted to Mercola's articles, Quest claimed that the articles have deceived consumers and caused Quest significant harm.  (Compl. ¶ 13.) 

According to the Complaint, Quest had previously asked Mercola to remove an article he published in January 2009 that Quest claimed was "false and misleading."  Mercola allegedly agreed to take down the offending article and "refrain from making false and misleading statements regarding Quest Diagnostics, Inc."  (Compl. ¶ 16.)  Quest alleged that the articles that were at issue in this lawsuit violated this agreement.  

Quest brought claims of unfair competition under both the federal Lanham Act and New Jersey state statutes, defamation, trade libel, and breach of contract.  Quest sought money damages, attorneys' fees and costs, as well as a permanent injunction requiring Mercola to remove "all false and misleading statements regarding Quest Diagnostics from any publication or on-line medium under [Mercola's] direction, custody or control," post a retraction, and refrain from making any false or misleading statements regarding Quest.

On July 31, 2009, Quest voluntarily dismissed its claims.  All posts regarding Quest Diagnostics appear to have been removed from the mercola.com website.

Jurisdiction: 

Content Type: 

Subject Area: 

CMLP Notes: 

08/03/2009 - LB editing

Priority: 

1-High

The New Intellectual Arms Trade: Amazon and B&N as Literary God-Emperors

When we were kids, we couldn’t wait for the future to hurry up and get here. Flying cars, pills for food, conveyor belts, the works.

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Another One Bites the Dust: Roommates as a Hail Mary for Frivolous Lawsuits

Yet another lawsuit that probably should never have been brought has been dismissed due to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act ("

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First Call Properties v. Craigslist

Date: 

05/29/2009

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

Melissa Gomez, d/b/a AAA Apartment Locating; Mario Gomez; Craigslist, Inc.

Type of Party: 

Individual
Organization

Type of Party: 

Individual
Organization

Court Type: 

Federal
State

Court Name: 

District Court of Nueces County, Texas (State); U.S. District Court Southern District of Texas (Federal)

Case Number: 

09-2571-F (State); 2:09-cv-00151 (Federal)

Legal Counsel: 

F. Edward Barker - Barker Leon et al

Publication Medium: 

Website

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Pending

Disposition: 

Dismissed (partial)

Description: 

First Call Properties and its officers filed suit against AAA Apartment Locating and Craigslist in Texas state court, alleging, among other claims, trademark infringement, defamation, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and tortious interference.  According to the complaint, First Call began posting advertisements on Craigslist's Corpus Christi site using their trademark phrase "First Call" in March of 2009.  Shortly thereafter, AAA allegedly began posting advertisements to the same Craigslist local site using the words "first call," "call first," and "call us first."  (Compl. 3.)  First Call alleges that AAA posted these ads "deliberately and intentionally in an effort to confuse the public into believing the ads were posted by [First Call]."  (Compl. 3.)  It also claims that AAA's ads contained "false, libelous and misleading information" about First Call.  (Compl. 4.)

First Call asserts that it sent multiple cease and desist notices to AAA, with copies sent to Craigslist.  Based partly on this, it asserts that Craigslist knew of AAA's "unauthorized practice" and did nothing to stop it, materially contributing to AAA's alleged infringement.  (Compl. 5.)  First Call is seeking temporary and permanent injunctions and damages.

On May 29, 2009, the Nueces County District Court entered a temporary restraining order, barring AAA from posting ads containing phrases such as "first call," "call first," or "call us first," which might cause confusion and deceive the public; using a telephone logo similar to that used by First Call; making false or defamatory statement about First Call or its officers, agents, or employees; or causing ads posted by First Call to be removed from Craigslist or any other public domain.  Craigslist was barred from removing legitimate ads posted by First Call. 

The temporary restraining order was made reciprocal by the court, pursuant to an agreement by the parties, thus barring First Call from using AAA's trademarks, making false or defamatory statements about AAA, or causing AAA's ads to be removed.  It was also extended to include Stephan Noak and Sarah Regmund, owner of Free Apartment Locators, neither of whom are parties to the litigation.

On June 26, 2009, the case was removed to the federal District Court for the Southern District of Texas.  A hearing is scheduled for July 29 before Judge Janis Graham Jack.

UPDATE: 

07/15/09- First Call filed a motion to dismiss the case against Craigslist. However, it continued its suit against the other parties. 

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Content Type: 

Subject Area: 

CMLP Notes: 

07/08/2009 - LB editing

UPDATED 7/28/09- added info about motion to dismiss re: craigslist, changed to dismiss partial

Priority: 

1-High

Blog Buzzer Sounds; FTC Calls Foul

UPDATE: After making some changes from the proposal discussed below, the FTC published the new regulations in the Federal Register on Oct. 5, 2009, with the new rules scheduled to go into effect on Dec. 1.  More details here.

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Subject Area: 

Ascentive v. 1ShoppingCart.com

Date: 

02/13/2009

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

1ShoppingCart.com; Rob Cheng; PCPitstop, LLC; Does 1-10

Type of Party: 

Organization

Type of Party: 

Individual
Organization
Intermediary

Court Type: 

Federal

Court Name: 

United States District Court for the District of Oregon

Case Number: 

3:09-cv-00186-HU

Legal Counsel: 

Christopher W. Angius - Holland & Knight, LLP (PCPitstop, LLC)

Publication Medium: 

Forum

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Pending

Disposition: 

Withdrawn

Description: 

On February 13, 2009, Ascentive LLC, a company that develops software such as FinallyFast to improve computer performance, sued PCPitstop and its CEO, Rob Cheng, along with 1ShoppingCart.com, a conveyer of eCommerce software and ad-tracking services, and ten anonymous posters on PCPitstop’s forums.  Ascentive alleges that PCPitstop, assisted by 1ShoppingCart, purchased search keywords tied to Ascentive’s “FinallyFast.com” trademark on Google and Yahoo!.  The complaint also alleges that false and defamatory statements regarding Ascentive’s software was posted to PCPitstop’s forum by PCPitstop employees and/or third parties.  Ascentive is represented by Steven T. Lovett and Marc Alifanz of Stoel Rives LLP, while PCPitstop is represented by Christopher W. Angius of Holland & Knight LLP.

The six-count complaint alleges trademark infringement, unfair competition, and vicarious and contributory Lanham Act violations against PCPitstop, Rob Cheng, and 1ShoppingCart with respect to the alleged purchase of search keywords tied to Ascentive’s “FinallyFast.com” trademark.  It also alleges breach of contract against PCPitstop and Mr. Cheng for the alleged resumption of trademark-linked keyword purchasing in January 2009, after Mr. Cheng had allegedly agreed to curtail such activities in July 2008.  Finally, the complaint alleges defamation against PCPitstop and Does 1-10 for allegedly false factual statements posted to PCPitstop’s forum.  The complaint alleges that such statements include the following assertions:
  • FinallyFast is a “scam”;
  • Ascentive “promotes adware and phishing scams”;
  • FinallyFast is “very difficult to get off” of a computer once installed;
  • “Ascentive products are known to scare the user with a long list of false positive results” ;
  • “It is likely that these products are cheap knock-offs of well known freeware products”; and
  • Dealing with companies such as Ascentive includes the danger that “the program will actually do your computer more harm than good.”
Compl. ¶¶ 65, 67.

Ascentive is seeking an injunction to prevent:
  • The purchase or use of Ascentive’s trademarks or similar marks or names by PCPitstop, its advertisers, and affiliates in connection with search keywords or any products not authorized by Ascentive;
  • Any conduct by PCPitstop’s advertisers or affiliates that would confuse purchasers into believing any of PCPitstop’s products are associated with or authorized by Ascentive;
  • Unfair competition by PCPitstop, its advertisers, and affiliates with Ascentive; and
  • The publication or posting of false and defamatory statements regarding Ascentive or its products on the PCPitstop website.
Compl. (Prayer for Relief) ¶ a.  Ascentive seeks damages sustained in consequence of the alleged trademark infringement, unfair competition, breach of contract, and defamation.  It also seeks accounting for gains, profits, and advantages derived from PCPitstop’s alleged infringement and unfair competition.  Ascentive is seeking trebled damages under section 1117 of the Lanham Act.

On April 28, 2009, Ascentive voluntarily dismissed its case, with prejudice.

Jurisdiction: 

Content Type: 

Subject Area: 

CMLP Notes: 

Source: Dozier Internet Law

LB 06/02/2009

Priority: 

1-High

Ezzo v. Google

Date: 

03/17/2009

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

Google, Inc.; AOL.com; Time Warner, Inc.; GetMeQuotes.com; FindCosmeticSurgeons.com; DoctorsSayYes.com; My Choice Medical Acquisition Sub Inc.; FindYourPlasticsurgeon.com; Baskettcase Web Development; IEnhance.com; PlasticSurgery.com; PlasticSurgery.

Type of Party: 

Individual

Type of Party: 

Organization
Large Organization

Court Type: 

Federal

Court Name: 

United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida

Case Number: 

2:09-cv-159

Legal Counsel: 

James Anthony Bombulie; James M. Miller; Samuel S. Heywood

Publication Medium: 

Website

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Pending

Description: 

Jamil E. Ezzo, who holds a Supplemental Register trademark in the phrase "Locate Plastic Surgeon," sued Google, AOL.com, various plastic-surgery websites, and other defendants over their alleged use of the phrase.  Ezzo's Supplemental Register trademark is a federally-registered trademark that does not carry all of the legal protections enjoyed by full-fledged trademarks in the Principal Register.

Ezzo's pro se Complaint accuses the defendants of profiting through the improper use of his trademark.  Though the specifics of the defendants' alleged actions are not clear, it appears that Ezzo takes issue with the websites' use of the phrase in keyword advertising.  Ezzo's primary legal claim is fraud; he does not bring direct claims of trademark infringement.  The fraud appears to arise from occasions when the defendants' allegedly "fraudulently induced plaintiff to enter into the written and oral agreements," though the complaint does not describe the substance of these agreements.

Jurisdiction: 

Content Type: 

Subject Area: 

CMLP Notes: 

Source: Marc Randazza/CMLP Blog

Priority: 

1-High

Gibson v. Craigslist

Date: 

09/04/2008

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

craigslist, Inc.

Type of Party: 

Individual

Type of Party: 

Organization

Court Type: 

Federal

Court Name: 

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

Case Number: 

1:08-CV-7735

Legal Counsel: 

Justin Nolan Kinney; Elizabeth L. McDougall-Tural

Publication Medium: 

Website

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Concluded

Disposition: 

Dismissed (total)

Description: 

New York City store owner Calvin Gibson sued craiglist, Inc. after a gunman shot him with a handgun allegedly purchased on craigslist. Gibson's lawsuit reportedly claims that neighbor Jesus Ortiz told police he had shot Gibson and that he had obtained the gun through a craigslist classifieds advertisement.  Gibson accuses craigslist of negligence and seeks $10 million in damages.

Craigslist filed a motion to dismiss the suit on the ground that section 230 of the Communication Decency Act ("Section 230") insulates it from liability for content posted by its users.  Gibson has opposed the motion, primarily arguing that Section 230 does not apply to common law claims such as negligence.

6/15/2009 - The court dismissed the complaint, relying on Section 230.

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Subject Area: 

Threat Source: 

Westlaw Alert

Priority: 

1-High

Breaking News: Virgin America Sues Blog Over Parody Ad

Earlier this week, California-based airline Virgin America filed a six-count complaint against the publisher and editors of Adrants, a blog focused on the advertising industry, after they published a post that was paired with a fake ad containing the Virgin logo and the statement, "The Hudson Crash: Just One More Reason to Fly Virgin."  The post has since been removed, but a cached version is available

Jurisdiction: 

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Subject Area: 

Virgin America v. Adrants Publishing

Date: 

01/26/2009

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

Adrants Publishing, LLC; Steve Hall; Angela Natividad; Nina Aldredge

Type of Party: 

Organization

Type of Party: 

Individual
Organization

Court Type: 

Federal

Court Name: 

United States District Court for the Northern District of California

Case Number: 

3:09-cv-00337-BZ

Publication Medium: 

Blog

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Pending

Disposition: 

Material Removed

Description: 

California-based airline Virgin America filed a six-count complaint against the publisher and editors of Adrants, a blog focused on the advertising industry, after it published a post that was paired with a fake ad containing the Virgin logo and the statement, "The Hudson Crash: Just One More Reason to Fly Virgin."  The post has since been removed, but a cached version is available here.

Virgin filed its complaint on January 26, 2009, alleging:

The advertisement consisted of a photograph of the crash of US Airways flight 1549 from January 15, 2009 depicted under the heading “The Hudson Crash: Just One More Reason to Fly Virgin." The posting had an express assertion by Adrants Co-Editor Natividad about the apparent validity of the Virgin America advertisement. However, the depicted photograph was not a Virgin America advertisement and the advertisement was in no way sponsored by or affiliated with Virgin America. Defendants’ posting of the false advertisement on the Adrants.com website was likely to cause consumer confusion as to source, affiliation or sponsorship; was likely to and tended to dilute and tarnish the distinctive nature of and reputation ascribed to Virgin America’s famous name and trademark; and was likely to generate the false belief among consumers that Virgin America had sponsored, endorsed, was affiliated with, and supported Defendants and Adrants.com. 

Virgin's lawsuit asserts claims for trademark and trade name infringement, false designation of origin and false and deceptive advertising, trademark dilution, false and misleading statements, and defamation.

According to press accounts:

In response to a Virgin America email demanding that the picture be removed, Angela Natividad, a head honcho at Adrants, added this copy above the original post: "UPDATE: Clearly, this ad is fake. A spoof. Virgin America has confirmed this. We were always supect from the get go and didn't mean to mislead or misrepresent. So we'll clearly state now: the ad is a spoof. It's not real. Virgin America had nothing to do with its creation."

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Virginia Supreme Court: State Anti-Spam Law is Unconstitutional

It looks like Jeremy Jaynes, the first person in the United States to be convicted of a felony for spamming, is going to get a free pass, thanks to a decision handed down by the Virginia Supreme Court last week striking down Virginia's anti-spam law, Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-152.3:1, on First Amendment grounds. 

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Slandering Sandwiches and User Submitted Content

Our very own Sam Bayard popped up today in a New York Times article about the Subway v. Quiznos lawsuit, humorously named: "Can a Sandwich be Slandered?" The article does a good job highlighting the complicated issues involved in the case (and implicated by company sponsored competitions for "homemade commercials" generally).

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Subject Area: 

Subway v. Quiznos (Letters)

Date: 

11/01/2006

Threat Type: 

Correspondence

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

QIP Holders LLC (Quiznos); iFilm Corp.

Type of Party: 

Large Organization

Type of Party: 

Organization
Large Organization

Publication Medium: 

Website

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Concluded

Disposition: 

Lawsuit Filed

Description: 

In late 2006, restaurant franchisor Quiznos and video-sharing site iFilm co-sponsored a nationwide contest, “Quiznos v. Subway TV Ad Challenge,” inviting members of the public to submit videos comparing a Quiznos sandwich to a Subway sandwich using the theme "meat, no meat." Contestants submitted their videos to www.meatnomeat.com, and iFilm published entries on its website, where they remained following the end of the contest and selection of the winner.

According to paragraph 23 of Subway's second amended complaint, later filed in federal court in Connecticut, on November 1, 2006 Subway sent Quiznos and/or iFilm cease-and-desist letters, demanding that they stop making "false and misleading derogatory statements" about Subway's product via the user-submitted videos, and that they "remove from [their] websites the commercials and advertisements." Two of the commercial were apparently relocated, but, according to Subway's second amended complaint, Quiznos and iFilm refused to remove the commercials, which remained viewable online.

Subway filed a lawsuit against Quiznos and iFilm in federal court within days of the letters being sent. (Please see the CMLP's Database entry for the related Subway v. Quiznos lawsuit.)

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Content Type: 

Subject Area: 

CMLP Notes: 

Jill Button edited -- not sure what 'subject area' if any is appropriate given that the CDA 230 defense has not been raised at the letter stage.

Subway v. Quiznos

Date: 

10/27/2006

Threat Type: 

Lawsuit

Party Issuing Legal Threat: 

Doctor's Associates Inc. (Subway)

Party Receiving Legal Threat: 

QIP Holders LLC (Quiznos); iFilm Corp.

Type of Party: 

Large Organization

Type of Party: 

Organization
Large Organization

Court Type: 

Federal

Court Name: 

United States District Court for the District of Connecticut

Case Number: 

3:06CV01710

Legal Counsel: 

James Riley, Marlon Lutfiyya, Ronald Rothstein

Publication Medium: 

Website

Relevant Documents: 

Status: 

Concluded

Disposition: 

Settled (total)

Description: 

In late 2006, restaurant franchisor Quiznos and video-sharing site iFilm co-sponsored a nationwide contest, “Quiznos v. Subway TV Ad Challenge,” inviting members of the public to submit videos comparing a Quiznos sandwich to a Subway sandwich using the theme "meat, no meat." Contestants submitted their videos to www.meatnomeat.com, and iFilm published entries on its website, where they remained following the end of the contest and selection of the winner.

Subway sued Quiznos in federal court in Connecticut, and it subsequently amended its complaint to include a claim against iFilm. Only one count of the complaint related to the Ad Challenge, and that count alleged false and misleading advertising in violation of the Lanham Act.

Quiznos moved to dismiss this count of the complaint based on the immunity for publication of user-generated content found in the Communications Decency Act (47 U.S.C. § 230(c), "CDA 230"). The court denied the motion, holding that CDA 230 provides defendants an affirmative defense, which can be raised on a motion for summary judgment, but not on a motion to dismiss. Doctor's Assocs. Inc. v. QIP Holders, LLP, No. 06-cv-1710, slip op. at 4-5 (D. Conn. Apr. 19, 2007).

This case is significant in that it departs from the majority of cases holding that CDA 230 provides a valid ground for granting a motion to dismiss. Another interesting issue that is sure to arise is whether a claim of false advertising under the Lanham Act fits within CDA 230 immunity. By its terms, CDA 230 does not apply to "any law pertaining to intellectual property." 47 U.S.C. § 230(e)(2). False advertsing law is not usually thought of as an aspect of intellectual property law, but the federal false advertising provision is found in the Lanham Act, side-by-side with federal trademark laws.

Update:

2/4/2008 - Subway filed a seventh amended complaint.   

2/19/2010 - The court denied Quiznos' motion for summary judgment.  The case subsequently settled. 

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Subject Area: 

CMLP Notes: 

Jill Button edited

 

to-do: need to create entry for the related threat (see para 23 of the Second Amended Complaint (attached)

Status updated on 6/9/2008.  Nothing of note on the docket other than the seventh complaint, which the court noted it hopes will be the last. (AAB) 

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